For finding TDC on the compression stroke without the starter functioning, a time-honored approach is a whistle that fits into the spark plug hole for #1 piston. Spark plugs removed to ease crankshaft rotation, this device allows rotating the crankshaft by hand in the normal direction of rotation while listening for the whistle as the piston rises on the compression stroke.
Note: If you have brazing or soldering equipment, you can make this tool using an old spark plug shell with the porcelain, electrode and ground strap removed. Braze or solder a metal whistle to the metal plug she